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Learning · Sport

Sport

A sport’s governing bodies write their own rules, enforce them and review their own decisions. This is how that works in English football, and where the courts and a statutory regulator come in — with UEFA, FIFA and the Court of Arbitration for Sport at the edge.

The course

Football's rule-book, from scratch

Ten sections in three parts, no prior knowledge assumed: who governs the game and on what authority, how a case runs, what an appeal and a review can do, when a court steps in, what follows a finding, and what a sanction does to everyone around a club. Practice uses decided records only.

The briefs

The Manchester City proceedings

The Commission's decision read against the record, the appeal machinery, and what a sanction means for players, sponsors, auditors and rival clubs. Every finding is the Commission's, and under appeal.

The ladder

Who decides what

Every forum a football dispute can reach, in order: who sits, what it decides, how to challenge it, who may speak for a party, and what counts as evidence. The forums beside the ladder too — the employment tribunal, the regulator, CAS.

The practice

Sports regulation & disputes

What the practice does in governing-body disputes: rule-edition analysis, evidence for a commission, an appeal and an arbitration, financial-rule matters and compensation claims between clubs.

Terms used across the Sport material are defined in the glossary.

Glossary

As at 2026-10-07. probative.io is a research and investigations practice, not a law firm, and does not provide legal advice.